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Being a natural athlete I’ve always sought to find more ways to increase testosterone levels naturally. The question I’ve always asked myself was what are the variables, which determine how much testosterone is boiavailable. I’ve read articles before, giving some advice on what in my every day life causes my test levels to go up and what causes them to go down. But after an extensive research I couldn’t find an article, explaining in detail how and actually what exactly I should manipulate directly in my system to achieve the effects I desired – namely not only higher levels of circulating testosterone but also how much of it will be available to the corresponding receptors in the cell walls. Moreover, I wanted to know all this in regards to natural bodybuilding… So, I decided to do some good digging and reading and then if I manage to put things together, to lay that in writing form so that others can benefit as well. Without wasting even a minute more I will start this off by describing what testosterone is and what it does in the human body. Testosterone is a steroid hormone with anabolic and androgenic properties. It is the main hormone, responsible for the increase in lean muscle tissue, increased libido, energy, bone formation, and immune function. Testosterone is secreted in the testes in men and in the ovaries in women. Small amounts are also secreted in the adrenal glands. Testosterone is derived from cholesterol. The levels of testosterone in men range between 350 and 1,000 nanograms per deciliter (ng/dl). After the age of 40 these normal levels start dropping by roughly 1 per cent a year. In the blood stream testosterone circulates in great percentage bound to so called binding proteins. Sex Hormone Binding Globulin or SHBG is the one that concerns us the greatest. Why? Because this is the main reason why testosterone might not be available to reach the cell receptor. When testosterone gets attached to SHBG, it is no longer able to perform its anabolic functions. What elevates SHGB: Anorexia nervosa, Hyperthyroidism, Hypogonadism (males), Androgen insensitivity/deficiency, Alcoholic hepatic cirrhosis (males), Primary biliary cirrhosis (females). What suppresses SHGB: Obesity, Hypothyroidism, Hirsutism (females), Acne vulgaris, Polycystic ovarian disease, Acromegaly, Androgen-secreting ovarian tumors Less than 1% of the circulating testosterone is in a free form in males (less that 3% in females). Only when in a free form this hormone can exhibit its properties by connecting to the androgen receptors on the cell walls. Based on a study 14 to 50 per cent of the testosterone is bound to SHBG in males and 37 to 75 in females. It is worth mentioning that SHGB poses very high affinity for binding to testosterone. Therefore, changes in the SHGB levels noticeably influence the level of bioavailable testosterone. Let’s discuss for a moment what exactly a testosterone bioavailability is. Other than SHGB there are two more testosterone-binding proteins, also called carriers. One of them is albumin. It is a low-affinity binding protein, thus testosterone bound to it is considered “bioavailable”. Albumin binds to testosterone in the range 45 to 85 per cent in men (25 – 65 in women). The third carrier is the cortisol binding globulin, which binds also with low-affinity to less that 1 % of the testosterone in circulation. The free androgen index (FAI) indicates the amount of bioavailable testosterone. FAI is the sum of the free testosterone and the albumin and cortisol binding globulin. Or it’s the total serum testosterone minus the SHGB-bound testosterone. It is now clear why we should focus our attention on the properties of SHGB. The levels of this binding protein increase when there is excess estrogen present. Conversely, SHGB levels drop if the testosterone levels are elevated. Here I should mention the fact that SHGB exhibits higher affinity to testosterone than to estrogen. Now, pay close attention… It’s a well-known fact that testosterone is an estrogen precursor – it will convert to estrogen under the influence of the enzyme aromatase. Nothing that we don’t know so far. Here is where it gets interesting. Suppose that we have normal testosterone levels and we don’t suffer from any of the health ailments, which influence the SHGB levels. That means that SHGB levels are normal, too. Bare with me now. If more of this testosterone is converted to estrogen due to abnormal aromatase levels, the SHGB I will increase as well. SHGB, being more readily bound to testosterone, will leave us with excess estrogen levels in the system, which in turn will stimulate increased production of the SHGB protein from the liver. This whole process ultimately amplifies estrogen levels. Estrogen readily binds to the androgen receptors in cells thus leaving less opportunity for the free testosterone. Even more important, estrogen is the messenger molecule that signals the brain to decrease testosterone production. Another thing of great importance is the fact that over 40 per cent of the SHGB protein circulates unbound in the blood stream in man (over 80 per cent in women), and albumin circulates unbound almost all of the time. Thus increase in the total testosterone levels does not produce any noticeable changes in the free testosterone levels unless there is a significant increase like the one seen after synthetic steroid hormone administration. Well, this whole story brings us to the conclusion that the main approach should be - to keep the testosterone bioavailability high. In this regard a natural athlete should strive to: · Prevent testosterone levels from getting low · Attempt to increase the total testosterone as a means of keeping the testosterone levels from plunging · Block the testosterone-binding effects of SHBG · Lower the levels of the enzyme aromatase - less testosterone conversion to estrogen 1. How to prevent testosterone levels from getting low? - Obesity. Based on the way the testosterone-estrogen mechanism works, increased levels of estrogen will ultimately decrease the circulating testosterone. Excess fat causes more estrogen production due to the fact that fat cells are those, which manufacture estrogen. So, the more fat cells, the more estrogen in the blood and the less testosterone. - Drug and alcohol abuse. Alcohol has the property to inhibit your ability to remove estrogen from the blood stream by acting as a central nervous system depressant and also by decreasing zinc levels. - Stress elevates corticosteroid levels in the blood steam, which causes the testosterone levels to decrease. - Medications. Some medications, including estrogen and progesterone, lower the lutenizing hormone (LH) levels. LH is the hormone, responsible for the steroid hormones production. - Diabetes. Studies suggest that there is a link between type 2 diabetes and lower testosterone levels. - Hypertension and high cholesterol levels. These both cause the arteries to harden, this way decreasing the blood flow to the sex hormone producing organs. That of course leads to low sex hormone levels. - Aging. Fact is after the age of 40 test levels drops by roughly one per cent per year. We can’t do too much about that. The clock keeps ticking for all of us. However, we can try to manipulate testosterone levels in any other possible way. - Low fat diet. Low fat consumption causes increase of the SHGB, which means one thing – less free testosterone. It is considered that monounsaturated fats play an important role in testosterone levels and bioavailability. - Overtraining can contribute to as much as 40 per cent drop in testosterone levels. That is why it’s important to notice early the signs of overtraining and give the body a week or two well-deserved rest. - Not enough sleep. If you are not getting enough sleep the body is not recuperating well, which causes less testosterone and more corticosteroids to be released. Just to mention corticosteroids like cortisol are in fact catabolic hormones meaning they use up muscle tissue to provide the brain and the heart with energy. - Vitamin C. It suppresses the release of the stress hormone cortisol. Cortisol decreases testosterone levels. So, ultimately less cortisol, more testosterone. 2. How to boost testosterone levels - Incorporate basic movements that involve several muscle groups in your training routine. Good ones are squats, dead lifts, and military presses. Basic (compound) exercises have been shown to play an important role in the testosterone levels. - The greatest workout related testosterone production occurs with the use of heavier weights and lower rep range. A study shows that the best is 85 per cent of your one-rep max. - Tribulus terestris is a natural supplement, which has been shown in some studies to have the ability to increase the leutenizing hormone (LH) levels. As we already mentioned above, one of the functions of LH is to stimulate testosterone production by the testes. 3. Block the testosterone-binding effects of SHBG - Nettle root as a highly concentrated extract has shown to be effective at binding to SHBG and therefore it permits more free testosterone to circulate the system. It also acts as a 5-alpha reductase inhibitor. This is the enzyme, responsible for the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT), a more potent form of the male sex hormone, which causes prostate enlargement and ultimately cancer. Methanolic extract of nettle can also cut down the SHBG levels, which is another form of elevating the free testosterone in the blood stream. - Pygeum (prunus africana) is another herb, known to block the testosterone-binding effects of SHBG. Nettle root and pygeum extracts also benefit the prostate gland as a preventive treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) both by blocking the 5-alpha reductase action. - Avena Sativa is an extract from the straw of oats. It has somewhat different properties. It works by freeing bound testosterone, which increases the free testosterone in circulation. 4. Lowering aromatize levels - Zinc. The mineral zinc inhibits the aromatase enzyme that converts testosterone into excess estrogen. The recommended dose for inhibiting aromatase is 80mg daily. However, be sure the combined zinc quantity of all the daily supplements you are taking does not go over this benchmark. - Chrysin is a bioflavonoid that has shown a potential as a natural aromatase inhibitor. Chrysin is poorly absorbed in the system. It is found that when taken along with piperine, chrysin exhibits a lot better absorption. Supplementation with chrysin and piperine together might bring good results in reducing aromatase levels. How does this all apply to the sport of natural bodybuilding Let’s assume you are an individual, who exercises regularly and who doesn’t consider taking exogenous steroid hormones. With other words you are a natural athlete or enthusiast, who desires to keep his natural testosterone levels in the range, favoring good health and lean muscle mass build up. Here is what you do: 1. If you are even slightly overweight consider staring immediately a diet and training routine, tailored toward fat loss and lean muscle retention. 2. Consider also dropping the alcohol intake to absolute minimum if you want your efforts in keeping test levels high to give results. 3. Begin mastering some types of self-control or even meditation. These will take care of the excess stress levels. 4. Take medications only if they are absolutely essential for your health and are prescribed by your doctor. Talk to your personal physician to find out if there are any natural remedies to replace your current medications and if he recommends such approach for your health issue. 5. Keep your blood pressure and the serum cholesterol in check. 6. Eat enough good fats in your diet. Good means monounsaturated and omega-3 and 6 polyunsaturated fats. 7. Don’t ever overtrain. Sleep enough to promote good recovery. Signs of overtraining are loss of appetite, tiredness and irritability, lack of motivation, impaired mental focus, prolonged recovery periods. 8. Start relying more heavily on basic exercise movements. Train in the low rep range most of the time. 5 – 8 reps will ensure that you’re using weights that will eventually stimulate elevated testosterone levels. 9. It will only do you good if you decide to try some or all of these natural supplements: chrysin - piperine blend, nettle root extract, pygeum, avena sativa extract, and tribulus terestris. Try to find them in your local health store. Follow the directions for best results. 10. And you shouldn’t even consider training without supplementing your diet with enough vitamin C (at least 1g a day) and zinc (15mg min.). Take vitamin C with your multivitamin formula after breakfast, and post-workout with your protein shake. Zinc should be present in your multivitamin blend but this is not enough. Take zinc with magnesium in the form of ZMA right before you go to bed on an empty stomach. References: Ron Geraci, Men's Health, December 25, 2000; 13 Ways to Naturally Boost Your Testosterone Levels LE Magazine January 2000; Replenish Testosterone Naturally Plant extracts favorably alter hormone metabolism and improve sexual desire in men Jennifer A. Kelly, Ph.D. and Leo Vankrieken, Eur. Eng. Diagnostic Products Corporation; Sex Hormone Binding Globulin and the Assessment of Androgen Status Cockatoo.com; Avena Sativa - are oats an aphrodisiac? Gabe Mirkin, M.D.; High Cholesterol Causes Low Testosterone Bodybuilding.com, Chrysin Info And Products - Block Estrogen, Increase Testosterone penis enhancement surgeries vimax free natural penis enlargement penile enlargement device herbal natural penis elargement penis enhancement excercises easy enlargement free pnis surgery way enlargment manhattan penis natural penile enlargment

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Generic levitra is an alternative to the name brand. It is an oral prescription medication used for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. It falls in the group of medicines known as PDE type 5 inhibitor. It works by relaxing the smooth muscles within the penis thereby increasing the blood flow. This helps attain an erection in a natural way making you more avid in bed and gratifyingly achieve an orgasm. Generic levitra comes in the form of a tablet available in the variants of 2.5 mg, 5 mg, 10mg, and 20 mg. The pill should be taken 1 hour before a sexual activity and not more than once in a day. It can be taken with or without food. Keep the medicine away from the reach of children as children use of generic levitra is strictly prohibited. Women should also not consume the drug as the reaction in such a case has not been studied. Generic levitra cannot do miracles. Neither can it result in an automatic erection. For a natural erection to occur sexual stimulation is required. Since generic levitra is meant to cure erectile dysfunction in men, therefore it should not be taken for sexual pleasure. Also it does not offer protection against sexually transmitted diseases including Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Before taking generic levitra one is advised to consult a physician. As you doctor will be able to judge better whether levitra is suitable for you or not. You may not be able to take the medicine, or may require a dosage adjustment or special monitoring during treatment if you have any of the following conditions:- •Heart disease •Blood pressure •Liver problems •kidney problems •Blood problems •Stomach ulcer •Family history of degenerative eye disease (e.g., retinitis pigmentosa), or •Physical deformity of the penis (Peyronie's disease) Elderly people are quite sensitive to the use of generic levitra. Men who have attained the age of 65 years are likely to experience certain side-effects such as dizziness, chest pain or painful erection. In such a case the doctor may prescribe a lower dose for the patient. Take the dose as prescribed by your doctor. If ever you miss a dose, take it the moment you realize you have missed it. Do not try to double the dose as it can cause serious side-effects. Symptoms of generic levitra overdose are-: •Dizziness •Stuffy or runny nose •Erection that lasts longer than 4 hours •Vision changes •Swelling of tongue or face •Difficulty breathing or swallowing •Fainting •Hives If you experience any of the above reactions, take immediate medical assistance. Generic levitra can help you to get and sustain quality erection for a longer period of time. This in turn can help you derive more pleasure from your sexual experience. truth about penis enlagement natural penis enlagement and lengthening penis enlarement operation free penis enlargment pills vimax male penis enlargement truth about penile enlargement pills penile enlargment pic before and after vimax penis enlargement surgery picture vimax extender

An erection happens when the penis fills with blood and gets hard. The penis has 2 main chambers that run along side the top of the penis shaft. This area, the corpora cavernosa, is made up of spongy tissue, veins, arteries, spaces, and smooth muscles that hold in-flowing blood. Erections happen when more blood flows into the penis and less blood flows out. The erection process is perfectly normal and can happen at any time throughout the day. Most healthy males get erections during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep (the time of sleep when dreams happen). Also, erections when waking up are a sign of good penis health. Usually, erections happen during physical arousal or fantasizing, but other things can cause it to occur. Such causes include pressure on the genital area and pressure from the urinary bladder from the need to urinate. For an erection to happen, some kind of stimulation makes the brain and penile nerves to get excited. They tell the smooth muscles of the corpora cavernosa to let blood in, and stop blood from flowing out. This has the effect of expanding the penis size. As the penis gets larger in length and girth, it is normal for it to rise at an angle. This angle is usually anywhere from parallel to the floor to pointing almost straight upward. Sometimes men are stressed out and can't get an erection. This is just the body's way of dealing with stress (or the “fight-or-flight” response). Worrying about a small penis size or having an unattractive partner can make it impossible for a man to keep an erection. Other things that affect erections are: the amount of sleep a guy gets, how active he is, and in general, age causes changes in hormone levels, like testosterone. Erection problems If a man can't keep an erection for 25% of the time, he may have erectile dysfunction, or ED. Treatments for erectile dysfunction can include penile injections, vacuum pumps, surgery, prosthetic devices, Viagra, hormone therapy, counseling, and natural penis exercises. Some of these methods try to physically help a guy get an erection, while others improve his sex drive so he can perform better. Methods like injections, prosthetic devices, and vacuum pumps do not require arousal, as they are based on an automatic response. Other methods like pills and the natural exercises improve the blood flow into the penis, and make erections possible upon sexual arousal. Some pills work each time you take them, while others work for more long lasting benefits. Regular erections are a natural part of good male sexual health. The ability to get erections decreases with age, but there are things men can do to improve themselves. Erection problems can be forever cured with modern methods like surgery, counseling, pills, and even exercises. pnis enlargement program penis enlargment vimax enlargement forum free matter penis size vimax best penis enlargement pills penis enlargement pills review penis enlarement procedure penis enhancement buy penis enlargment pills vimax extender

What's the average size of the penis? What are the extremes? According to specialists, the average is 15cm and 90% are between 13 and 18cm. The records for a fully functional penis are 1.5cm and 30cm. Can penis size be increased? Yes. There are two surgical procedures to increase penis size-- the Bihari Procedure, and Fat Injection. The Bihari Procedure consists of cutting the ligament that secures the base of the penis to the body. This gives between one-half and two inches of increased length to the penis; however, because the penis is no longer anchored to the body an erection no longer points 'up.' Fat Injection is the process of removing fat from the backs of the thighs and injecting it into the body of the penis to make the penis thicker. Because the body rejects a significant portion of the injection this procedure may need to be repeated several times and each operation carries with it a severe risk of infection. What is circumcision and why is it done? Male circumcision is the surgical removal of the foreskin from the penis. When performed in a hospital, it is usually done shortly after birth by a doctor or midwife. Circumcisions are also given to Jewish boys by a mohel in a ceremony eight days after birth. Some Islamic boys are circumcised when they are older, around age 12. The majority of American boys are circumcised. Common reasons for circumcision include: better hygiene, "normal" or "better" appearance, and "his penis should look like his father's." Common reasons against circumcision include: it is no longer necessary for hygienic reasons; it is a painful, barbaric practice; possibility of infection or surgical error; "normal" or "better" appearance; "his penis should look like his father's."; and "greater sensitivity of uncircumcised penis." Hope this clears some mysteries for you. easy enlargment free penile surgery way top rated pennis enlargement pills vimax penis enlargement result penile enlargement surgery picture pnis enlargement result truth about pnis enlargement pills pennis enlargement program natural pnis enlargement technique vimax extender

Surgery is one of the most controversial approaches to penis enlargement. While it does come with the coveted “mainstream” label, it is by far the most expensive option. Many people think that surgery is less hassle and the bringer of instant results. They should think again. First and foremost, men who have willingly chosen the knife to improve their lives also have to go through a period of exercises designed to help the penis recover. Second, sex is out of the question after surgery. So there’s no instant use for those instant results. Third, things may go wrong. And if you think that nothing can happen to spoil your attempt to better your sex life, then neither did Charles Lennon, the not so proud owner of a ten-year hard on. In theory a perpetual hard on may sound fun for certain desperate men who haven’t gotten laid in a while, but let me tell you this is not as good as it sounds. Charles Lennon was in his late 50s when he received an implant made of plastic and steel called Dura-II. The device was supposed to help men suffering from erectile dysfunction raise their penises for sex and then lower them down afterwards. Problem is Lennon’s device remained stuck in the up position. In one short moment of unlucky malfunction, Charles Lennon lost the chance to ride a bike again, hug people, wear tight clothing or go for a swim. He has turned into a recluse who is embarrassed to meet people and is uncomfortable around his own grandchildren. And the worst part of it is that there is no going back for Charles Lennon. The implant is not working properly and cannot be taken out due to health-related problems that prevent Lennon for going through surgery again. And even if doctors could somehow take the implant out, there is no way Lennon would get an erection because the implant replaced part of the penis tissue. This means that Charles Lennon is stuck with the malfunctioning implant for the rest of his life. While it’s true that he had brought the manufacturer before a court and won compensatory payments, money cannot undo the implant, nor fix a man’s life. It’s not my intention to imply that surgery is a disaster waiting to happen every time. I’m sure that many people went through penis enlargement surgery and everything was perfect for them. But you have to realize that when things go wrong, there is no turning back. Once the knife goes through the tissue, there is no way to undo the cut and, for good or for worse, you have to live with the consequences. And, as told above, the consequences can sometimes be pretty dire. Permanent erection, irreversible impotence, loss of feeling due to damage sustained by nerves, scars – these are the hazards of a male enhancement technique that is outside your control. Therefore, my advice to all the men considering penis enlargement is: choose carefully.